Teaching Pronouns

Without understanding the pronouns and their usage, I think that the pupils can not express themselves correctly and clearly.

Teaching aids are very useful and helpful and sometimes they are very essential.  I found it a very successful way to explain the pronouns by using  a poster like this :-

First of all the teacher should tell the pupils that any statement consists of : subject  + verb + object or a complementary part.  For example :-

1-    He saw her.

The first word is always a subject and the second word is a verb and the third word(s) is an object or a complementary part.

Note :

This is a simple form of the statement.  There are a lot of forms for making statements but I prefer to teach the beginners this form.

The teacher should tell them that these pronouns (subject pronouns) always come before the verbs.  The pupils practice.  After that she/he should explain that the object pronouns always come after the verbs. The pupils practice.  Then she/he should mix the subjective pronouns and the objective ones by giving exercises.  For example:-

1-  Choose the correct words:-

a-     ( I – me – him – us ) watch TV every Friday.

b-     They visit ( I – he – we – she – him ).

Then she/he should explain that in the first sentence ( I )  is the correct word and the other pronouns are wrong because they always come after the verbs and here we need a pronoun comes before the verb.

But in the second sentence ( him ) is the correct word and the other pronouns are wrong because the come before the verb and her in this case we need a pronoun before the verb.

But for the possessive pronouns she/he should give an example :- e.g.  This is my book.

The pupils practice.  Then they change the pronoun “my” with the other pronouns from the same column.

After that, she/he should write on the board the same example.  Then she/he underlines “my book” and write under it “mine”. e.g.     1-   This is my book.

2-   This is mine.

The practice.  Then they change the pronoun mine with the other pronouns from the same column.

Then she/he gives exercises: e.g. choose the correct words:-

1-   This is ( my – mine – hers – ours ) pen.

2-   This is ( my – mine – her – our ).

After that, she/he should explain that “my” is the correct word because there is the name of the possessed thing after it, and the other pronouns are wrong because those pronouns do not need the possessed thing after them.

As for the second sentence the word “mine”  is the correct word because there is a full stop after it, and there is not any word after it indicates the possessed thing and the other pronouns are wrong because those pronouns do need a word after them.

As for the reflexive pronouns:-

The best way to teach them is to drill them, e.g.

The teacher can give examples like this:-

* fill in with the given words :-

she  ,  she  ,   her  ,   herself

1- I saw drinking tea. was alone, but   cut

Written by: Salem Mraheel Quraisha

Teaching Writing

Through my experience in teaching English as a foreign language ( TEFL ) for the beginners, I found that the most effective method in teaching writing is as the following steps for handwriting :-

First of all, we have to show the pupils that English is written from left to right, mainly for those mother tongue language is written from right to left.  We give them some exercises.  We draw four lines.

uuuuuu nnnnnnn mmmmmm wwwwwww cccccccc ooooooooo

Then we let them practice writing all the alphabets.

a  b  c  d  e  f  g  h   I   j  k  l  m  n  o  p   q   r  s  t  u  v   w   x  y   z

After that, we divide the letters into three groups : the first one contains the letters that are written between the second line and the third one.

a  c  e  I  m  n  o  r  s  u  v  w  x  z

The second one contains the letters that are written between the first line and the third one.

b   d   f  h  k  l  t

The third one contains the letters that are written between the second line and the fourth one.

g  j  p  q  y

We should show the pupils how to join every letter with the letters before it and after it, in this way :

aa   bb    cc   dd  ee

Now, we should show the pupils the letters that are alike, such as :

h n    a o    t  f     g q     r v u

After that, the teacher should introduce the capital letters and show the pupils that they are written between the first line and the third one.  Then he/she should introduce the numbers and show them that they are written between the first line and the third one, like the capital letters.

Now, after introducing the small and the capital letters, we come to the words.  The most interesting thing to the pupils is to teach them how to write their names.  The teacher can write the pupils’ full names and show the that we join the small letters but we do not join the capital letters.  The teacher should show the spaces between the words ( o , a letter space ), but for the beginners, I prefer to make it a bit longer.

The teacher can write some simple questions and answers, e.g. 1- What is your name ?

2-  How old are you ?

3- Where are you from ? etc,

The teacher should draw the attention of the pupils to the letter ( c ).  He should show them that the letter ( c )  is found in ten letters in different shapes.   He can use coloured pens when he writes them.

He can also show other similarities such as :

c i = a      l c =  b     c = c     c l  = d     c — =  e

c j = g     c c =o     l  c  =p     c  l =  q    l  n = h

But the teacher should put into consideration that the most important thing in writing is symmetry, either between the letters or between the words. The teacher should draw the pupils’ attention to the shape of the letters and to write them stand upright on the correct line, not above, below or through it.

It is advisable when teaching the cursive writing ( joined letters ) to show the pupils that some letters could be confused with others. e.g.

a or o    a or u    n or u     r or n     e or c     r or v       c or d

For   but     pen rot     car     rice      clear

n or h        n or m           v v or w

near       an fewer        etc.

As writing is the fourth skill, ( listening, speaking, reading and writing ).  The general rule says : we can not write anything before reading it, and we can not read anything before speaking it and we can not speak anything before hearing it.

We can not separate the four skills, but I will deal with one skill ( writing ) as possible as I can.

We can explain the order of the four skills to the students through a simple example.  We tell them that any baby at first he/she hears the language, then speaks them.   His first words are : mom and dad ( mama and baba ), which means mother and father.  When he/she grows up and goes to school, he hears the language the he/she speaks it, reads it and the last thing he/she does it is writing it.

So, we have to introduce some rule of the pronunciation.  The teacher can give some rules of writing.

Teaching writing depends mainly on the teacher’s ability to give a pure English pronunciation.  He must be an excellent example for his students and must be serious and well-trained.  He must know the problems of teaching and correcting the English writing.

The teacher must find the common problems and must try to find solutions for these problems.  He must concentrate on these problems that are found among his students.  In my opinion, the students must know what and where their errors are.  They can correct their work by themselves.  In this way, they can find their  errors and learn from them.

The teacher should draw the pupils’ attention to the common rules.  He should give them simple words in order to give them confidence.  He also should give advice and explain  when he/she finds any opportunity, e. g. students confuse p with b and v with f .

It is advisable to encourage the students to practice writing as possible as the can.  More practice plays a big role in building good writing habits.

Some words are mispronounced according to the spelling.  The teacher should find remedy and solution by finding similarities between the students’ language and the English language.

For the Arab learners, teachers can give these examples:

Arabic word spelling         pronunciation       English meaning

thlk                                                  thalek                      that

lken                                                  laken                        but

alssaf                                                assaf                      classroom

htha                                                  hatha                         this

the teacher can put his own lists which depend on his experience and observations which can help his students to build a certain ability to control writing.  But he should keep reminding students of the vowels and diphthongs.   Learners should be warned against writing anything without knowing it.

Through writing, the students practise spelling and good handwriting.  They develop their ability to listen carefully.  They also develop their ability to link the spoken sounds of English with its written shape.

Written by: Salem Mraheel Quraisha

للمزيد

http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:-AA3TWWyCaEJ:sumi-calligraphy.com/links/old_english_handwriting_page_2.php+%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%B9&cd=21&hl=ar&ct=clnk&gl=sa

The characteristics of successful person

Everybody hopes and wishes to be a successful person.  But in any society, a few people are considered to be a successful person.  This success is the fruit of hard and serious who and it is due to many factors.

To be a successful person, one must do his best to reach this goal. Sometimes it needs hard and serious work but some persons are very lucky because they have a chance to be so without doing any efforts.

There is not a certain criterion for measuring this scale of becoming a successful person.  Some people who have simple success see that they have reached the top of their hopes and aspirations.  Others see it as a failure to fulfill only this standard of success.  So, there is not any performance and steady criteria for measuring success.

However, there are a very few people who are considered as successful persons in all fields of life.  It is very difficult to find a person who succeed in his social and practical life.

Some people succeed in various fields of life but they fail in others, e.g. some people succeed in their work but they fail to have a nice life in their homes.  On the other hand, some people succeed in their social life but they fail in their work and their practical life.  For instance, some people succeed in bringing their children up towards a respectable life but they fail in reaching and achieving a high standard of living while others are vice-versa.

Although there is not a fixed criterion for success, some people see that there are some general characteristics for a successful person.  First of all, the successful person must be serious in his work and he / she has to have an organized programme in his life.  He must have a respectable character, reputation and a nice appearance.  He must be precise in his promises, appointments and work.  He must not waste any time.  He has to spend all his time in useful and fruitful deeds and work.  He must know how to deal with the other people in order to make them support his thoughts and deeds.  Also, he must consult the other people, mainly who have a great deal of experience in his affairs.  Moreover, he must be patient when he faces any difficulty and he must be humble not proud.  He must be active as a bee in its cell.  He has to lead and direct his work and affairs by himself.  He must have faith in Allah.  Without the faith in Allah, he will loose the taste of life.

Although of the previous considerations, the most important aspect for success is that when one feels that he achieved all his aims and reached the top of his aspirations and hopes.  Moreover, he is loved by the other people who deal with him or live around him in his private and general life and he loved by His creator by worshipping Him fully and completely.

Written by: Salem Mraheel Quraisha.

Having a zoo

Nowadays, seeing a zoo in a big city is a normal thing because most of the big cities all over the world have a zoo.

To have a zoo in any city or town needs several things.  First of all, animals and birds live in different kinds of climates.  So, you have to save and build similar environment for these species.  Also, you have to bring most of these species from their home land.

There are advantages and disadvantages for having a zoo in a town.  For instance, a zoo is a place for spending the spare time.  Also, one can see several kinds of animals and birds in one place instead of going abroad to several places and countries to see these species.  Most of the people can not travel and tour the world in order to see and watch most of these animals and birds in their home land.  Really, the majority of the people find it a very hard task and costly.  So, having a zoo enables them to see most of the animals and birds species in one place regardless of saving time.

You can see the animals and birds in their man-made environment.  This environment is created by man but it must resemble the real one in order to make these animals and birds adapt to it easily and to behave normally.  Every kind of animals and birds needs a certain climate and weather and it lives according to it, such as camels which have one hump can live in hot deserts while the ones which have two humps live in the icy and snowy climate.

Scientists can study these species easily.  Most of the students and researchers can watch these birds and animals and write researches and make studies easily.  Without having a zoo, most of them will not be able to do so.

Children can see several animals and birds although they are not found in their regions or in their countries.  Most take their families and spend their weekend in a zoo.

There is also a great advantage for having a zoo.  In a zoo some animals are available although they are rare in nature.

However, there are disadvantages for having a zoo in a town.  In a zoo, animals and birds suffer from the new environment because it is not like their original one.  Some other animals change their behaviour and conduct according to the new circumstances which they live in.

Some animals need a special care and treatment.  They also need a special kind of food.  In some cases, these animals become dangerous, e.g. some animals killed their guards.  Also, some animals and birds carry diseases.  Moreover, some animals are very dangerous.  if they are released, they cause horror and terror to the people and sometimes they kill people, such as lions, elephants and monkeys.

Having a zoo helps in keeping the species exist  because man causes extinction for several kinds of animals and birds.  There are several causes and reasons for extinction.  Man hunts and fishes too efficiently.  Pollution of the environment and deforestation also cause extinction.  Having a zoo helps in saving the species.

However, it is an urgent need to have a zoo in my home town.  Instead of traveling abroad and watching various kinds of animals and birds ore only see them on the television screen, we can see them in nature.

Written by: Salem Mraheel Quraisha.

Seat Belts in Cars

There are many types of seat belts.  Every kind of seat belts must be suitable for the seat where it is fixed in the car and it must also be suitable, fit and comfortable for the person who will sit in that seat.

There are seat belts for the front seats and the rear ones.  There are front seat shoulder belts and rear seat belts.  They must be usable easily and they must be fit and comfortable.  The most common types and styles of seat belts which we use must be the best ones.

There are also rear facing infant car seats, forward- facing child car seat, booster child car seats and seat belts for children.

Seat belts must be provided by all the motors vehicle.  Every car must have seat belts.  All the new cars must have front and rear seat belts and the old cars that do not have ones must put suitable ones because using seat belt is the most important part if the car safety.

Seat belts are especially important in small cars because the chance of being alive and not killed or badly hurt in a collision with a big car is eight times greater.

Safety belts shall be used by drivers and seated passengers of lorries and coaches as well as in cars and vans.  This will save tens of the truck drivers’ lives yearly.

Children under 14 must be restrained in the rear seats of cars where restrains or seat belts are fitted.

The main safety benefit of the use of the seat belts is that it recognizes that children, like adults, have the right to be protected when travelling in cars and therefore requires the adults responsible to ensure that the children are restrained for their age and size.

Statistics on road accidents resulting in death or injury show that hundreds of these deaths and the cases in which people were badly hurt due to not having seat belts.

When we look at any study on the overall situation of the use of seat belts, we see that seat belts save the lives of hundreds of people.  Also, surveys and reports show that more than a half of the children are not properly restrained when traveling in vehicles.  Moreover, every day brings fresh highway fatalities.

There must be a useful and easy to reach source of information on safety in cars, such as advertisements, bans, brochures and advertising campaigns in order to teach people how to use seat belts properly and to show them their benefits.

The government must introduce regulations for using seat belts.  It must become a law for using them.  Who will assume the responsibility for any damage and loss in people and their properties due to not having seat belts in their cars.  So, using seat belts in cars should be compulsory.

Written by: Salem Mraheel Quraisha.

Violence on Television

Violence takes several shapes.  Nowadays, televisions have become a part of our daily life.  On the television screens, we see various sights which show these kinds of violence.

There are hundreds of television channels and tens of them are specialized in presenting very bad programmes.  The aims of their owners are only withdrawing and getting benefits and to accomplish material achievements regardless of the other results which they cause by doing so.

The most dangerous thing is that we let our children watch these programmes.  Moreover some channels aim to destroy societies, mainly children, by presenting a very bad  programmes.  Sometimes the advertisements on the television screen are dangerous and harmful to our children.

Some people say that we can control this kind of programmes.  We can let them watch certain prorammes and we prevent them from watching the others.

They also think that we can choose the channels which do no show these bad prorammes.  But some children switch on televisions when hey are alone.  In this case, we cannot control the kinds of channels and programmes that they wach.  They may see some sights which attract their attention but these sights show violence.  Sometimes we think that a certain programme is good for our children but it is really very dangerous for them.

When children see these sights, some of them try to imitate the actors or violent persons.  After that, this violence becomes part of their behavior and conduct.

In this way, the average of the crimes and terrorism will be raised and increased.  These  children will become criminals and terrorists.  Their life will be destroyed and they destry their families.

Some children will become negative not positive.  Their characters will be very weak and they will not be able to lead a normal and respectable life.  They will not trust anybody because they will be afraid of everything.

Some children think the actors and the real persons, who are violent or present violence, are heroes and champions.  So, they do their best to follow and imitate them.  By doing so, they fall in their trap and become criminals in the eyes of their society.

There are thousands of programmes which present violence in several ways, such as shooting and killing, committing suicide, stealing, kidnapping and wars.

Some people say that watching the real situations in the news such as shooting and killing is not good for children and it leaves a bad effect on them.

Some children catch and develop a very bad habits, such as crying during sleeping at night, dreaming with bad dreams and nightmares and having abnormal pissing.

Some children build a very weak and abnormal character.  They do not trust anybody.  They tell lies and they become liars and rubbers.

Children are the flowers of our present life.  They will become the leaders, producers and the fruitful persons in the future.  They will be the men in the future.  So, we have to take a great care for growing them up and teaching them the basic of faith and the correct way for a respectable and successful life.  If we neglect them and leave them to their unknown future, we will make a great mistake and corruption will spread and our society will be destroyed and damaged.

Written by: Salem Mraheel Quraisha.

Television

Television has become part of our daily life.  It is the main source for news and entertainment.  On the television screen, we see various kinds of programmes.  Some of them are positive and constructive and some are negative and destructive.

There are hundreds of television channels and tens of them are specialized in presenting very bad programmes.  The aims of their owners are only withdrawing and getting benefits and to accomplish material achievements regardless of the other results which they cause by doing so.

The most dangerous thing is that we let our children watch these programmes.  Moreover some channels aim to destroy societies, mainly children, by presenting a very bad  programmes.  Sometimes the advertisements on the television screen are dangerous and harmful to our children.

When children see bad sights, some of them try to imitate the actors.  After that, this attitude becomes part of their behavior and conduct.

In this way, some children will become negative not positive.  Their characters will be very weak and they will not be able to lead a normal and respectable life.  They will not trust anybody because they will be afraid of everything.

There are thousands of programmes which present the bad side of life in several ways, such as crimes, killing, committing suicide, stealing kidnapping and wars.

Children are the flowers of our present life.  They will become the leaders, producers and the fruitful persons in the future.  They will be the men in the future.  So, we have to take a great care for growing them up and teaching them the basic of faith and the correct way for a respectable and successful life.  If we neglect them and leave them to their unknown future, we will make a great mistake and corruption will spread and our society will be destroyed and damaged.

Written by: Salem Mraheel Quraisha.

The Gate of the North

Tabuk, the gate of the north, is located in the northern part of the kingdom.  It is a very beautiful city.  It is surrounded by modern farms.  There are several huge agricultural projects which grow many kinds of crops such as  fruits and vegetables.  They also grow several kinds of flowers and export them abroad.  Although Tabuk is a growing city, it has some small buildings, such as Tabuk castle.  It has a very large seaport in Dhuba.  There are two universities and some other colleges and institutes.

When one drives through the streets, he feels as if he is in a capital city. There  are a lot of large stores and supermarkets with large car parks.  It has some public gardens and there is a public souq  which is called souq Al-Khames where one can finds old things side by side with the modern ones.

Really, Tabuk shows one both styles of life: the modern style and the traditional one.

Written by: Salem Mraheel Quraisha.

Communications

Communication means play a very important role in our daily life.  It is very difficult to live without some of ways of communication because the interests of the people have become like the net.

There are several ways for communicating with others, either inside or outside the country.  These means have grown a lot in a very short time.

Today, modern roads and railways have been built.  Modern postal services have been introduced.  International and domestic airports were constructed.

In the past, it was very difficult to communicate with others far away from you.  There were simple ways, such as camels, donkeys and pigeons.

By using modern technology, such as satellites, the world has become as a small village.  One can communicate with anybody and anywhere in seconds.

Nowadays,  one can talk and see persons who live thousands of kilometers far away from him.  He can also send letters in seconds by using the fax, the electronic mail or the computer.

People use the means of  communications in their daily life. They use them for buying and selling.  Moreover, they use them in teaching and learning.  Without these means of  communications, our will be very different.

Written by: Salem Mraheel Quraisha.

Neighbours

Neighbours are those people who live near you.  The people who you can see nearby every day.  The people, you may get in touch with in some daily situations.  At least, some of them may share you stairs of the building or the lift.

Islam gives the neighbours sacred rights.  For example, our prophet Muhammed, (peace be upon him) urged us to respect our neighbours and to consider them as our brothers.  Also, in our traditions and customs, there are many sayings that describe the neighbours.  One of them is :” If your neighbour does not see your face, he will see your back.  Another one is that the neighbour is still and remains a neighbour although if he hurts you.

The  neighbours have to respect each other.  They have to deal with each other in ideal ways.  For instance, when one meets anyone of his neighbours, he has to greet him politely.

The  neighbours are the nearest people who share you all your occasions.  They visit you and congratulate you in your happy occasions,  they comfort you in sad ones.  They may be the first people who help you when you need help.

If the neighbours co-operate with each other and help each other, all the society will become a strong unit in the face of the outer and surrounding dangers.

Written by: Salem Mraheel Quraisha.

Prayer in Islam

In the Islamic cities and villages, you can hear calling for prayer from the top of the mosques minarets five times a day.  In prayer, the Muslim is in touch with Allah, because he is praying in front of his Lord ( Allah is the Great).

Prayer is the second pillar of Islam.  Muslims pray five times a day: dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset and night.

Each prayer consists of units.  The dawn prayer has two units, the sunset prayer has three units, the noon prayer has four units, the afternoon prayer has four units and the night prayer has four units.

The unit is repeated a certain number f times in each prayer.  The unit consists of four actions: standing, bowing down, prostration and sitting.

Muslims start the unit with standing, then bowing down, then second standing, then prostration, then sitting down and then second prostration.  At the end of every two units there is a sitting.

A Muslim has to say something in each position.  When the Muslim start his prayer with the first standing, he has to recite the first chapter of the Holy Qur’an in every unit.

The first chapter of the Holy Qur’an: “ In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful, Praise belongs to Allah, Lord of the worlds, the merciful, the compassionate, the ruler of the day of judgment, Thee we serve and Thee we ask for aid, Guide us to the right path, the path of those Thou art gracious to; not of those Thou art wrathful with; nor of those who err”.

After that, the Muslim recites some Qur’anic verses.  During bowing, he says thrice: “ Glory to my Lord, the Great”.   During the second standing he says:” Our Lord1All praise is due to Thee.  During prostration, he say thrice:” Glory to my Lord, the most high”.  During sitting, he says:” All services redered  by words and bodily actions and sacrifices of wealth are due to Allah.  Peace be upon Thee.  O’ Prophet and the mercy of Allah and His blessing.  Peace be upon us and on the righteous servants of Allah.  I bear witness that no one deserves to be worshipped but Allah and I bear witness that Mohammed is His servant and His messenger”.

The last sentence in prayer is:” Peace be upon you”.

There are seventeen obligatory prayer units and the are thirteen voluntary units.  The Muslims pray the voluntary units like this: two units before dawn prayer, two units before noon prayer and two after it, two units after the sunset prayer, five units after night prayer.

Every prayer takes about five minutes.  The Muslim spends about half an hour praying per day.  Through prayer, a Muslim is continually connected with Allah.  The Muslim should pray while facing the Ka’ba in Makkah.

Group prayer is preferred to individual prayer and prayer in the mosque is preferred to prayer at home 27 times.

In group prayer, all praying people stand in a straight lines, regardless of their race or colour, behind a leader called Imam.  They stand shoulder to shoulder, standing together, sitting together, repeating the same verses in the same language, Arabic. Starting together, ending together, facing the same center and doing all this five times a day.

All the Muslims of a small suburb or a small village meet once every day.  All the Muslims of a big suburb or a big village meet once a week.  All the Muslims of a town or a city meet twice a year on the prayer of Eid Al-Fitr ( Lesser Bairam ) and Corban Bairam.  Muslims from all over the world meet once a year when they perform Al-Hajj.

Prayer in Islam aims to reminding man of Allah, pushing man away from sin and abomination, keeping man in touch with Allah and establishing social solidarity and social fraternity.

#  ( end )

639 words

Written by: Salem Mraheel Quraisha.

Real Choice

Man lives in a society. The people of every society, willingly or unwillingly, directly or indirectly, share many things with each other. They eat the food grown in the same soil, drink the water from the same spring, breathe the air of the same atmosphere.

From this angle of vision, it is highly describe that one should try to know all religions of the world, in the proper spirit to become a good believer.

Unfortunately, all the religions with the exception of Islam were changed according to the opinion and thoughts of the writers who wrote and scripted them. They omitted and tremed a lot of their teachings and on the other hand, they added some of their own thoughts and beliefs.

When Islam appeared, Arabia was a desert, a nothing. Out of nothing, of a desert a new world was fashioned, a new life, a new culture, a new civilization, a new state which extended from Morocco to Indies and influenced the thought and life of the three continents: Asia, Africa and Europe.

Pointing out the misrepresentation of Islam. One must look at everything with critical eyes in order to reach what he searches and seeks for.

The theory of Islam and sword for instance, this charge of ignorance and bigotry is refused by Qur’an, by the history of Muslim’s conquerors and by their public and legal toleration of Christian worship and others. Moreover, the greatest success of Muhammed’s life was affected by sheer moral force without the stroke of a sword.

The main problem of Islam is that some Muslims do not understand the rules of Islam correctly some others do not want to make these rules their daily attitude and behavior for some personal benefits. Not mention the people who fight Islam or mispresent it for some reasons.

There is a factor which man must put into his consideration. It is the anguage in which the three main religions were written in. Islam was written in the Arabic language before more than fourteen centuries. The Arabic language remained till now as it was. But the English language was changed. For instance, Shakespeare’s books which were written – — before only about 400 years, after 1000 years of Islam – are very different from the English which we use now and we can not understand the English which they were written in.

Man must choose his own religion according to real criterion of right and wrong, without any pressures of any kind. His choice must be free and fair. It must come from his own conveiction.

Written by: Salem Mraheel Quraisha.

428 words

For The Sake of Truth

Press media is the mirror of the society. It must reflect its real picture, not the surface one. Facts are sacred, so writers must write accurately and without bias and submit real and immediate information.

Most of he Arab writers write for themselves, not for the readers. For instance, in some other countries we see a lot of people read in public places and gardens, at the airports and sea beaches. But in the Arab world and as some people accused them as Arab do not read. Really and we have to acknowledge that there are a few readers. Although, there are a lot of educated people in the Arab world.

So, have to put into our consideration the following points: First of all, how the Arab readers can read if they do not find what they want to read. Instead, they only find what the writer wants to tell.

Secondly, how they can read if they find what they already have read is not the fact or at least not the whole fact and sometimes they read something contrasted with what they read a day before.

Thirdly, how can they read if they do not find what they search for or what they eager to know.

Fourthly, a lot of writers are affected by any simple or any passing events. Instead, they have to put into consideration the national aspirations and hopes of the Arab readers.

The Arab live in one geographical area and have one history. They speak one language, Arabic. Moreover, most of them have the same religion, Islam.

The Europeans, who do not have all these advantages and who witnessed many confrontations between each other, plan to live in one unit.

So, either we like or not, we have to acknowledge these facts and when we write for the Arab readers, we have to take these points in view regardless of any temporary situation or we have to stop writing and let the opportunity for the others who deserve to be writers.

Words are existed but who can use them correctly and usefully by putting them into a certain order to produce a well-done work. A work that serves the honest purpose for which it was produced.

Writers do not invent events or news. They only create the style in which they produce and introduce these events and news.

This subject reminded of an Indian film where the hero of that film was an editor, who tried to make the news by himself, when he sent some men to kill a big bug in his country. The news of that man s death was prominent in his news paper, whereas no one knew about the event and unfortunately, the police also knew about it from the paper. So that news instead of being a factor for his fame, became a factor in proving his participation in the crime.

When a writer writes about a matter, he has to be honest and fair and make a balance by mentioning all the facts concerning the subject and the advantages and disadvantages. As there is evil in man, there is goodness in him.

The writer has to introduce his works in any field in an attractive style on a nice plate to open the appetite of hi readers to make them continue reading the subject. He has to avoid the ways that make the reader annoyed and leave the subject and search for another thing to do.

We have to avoid ambiguity and write frankly and openly. For instance, the aims of Israel are not a secret, their plans to gather all the jews in Palestine are not a secret, their plans to demolish Al-Aqsa mosque and build their so-called temple are not a secret, their plans to occupy and exploit the sources of water are not a secret.

Lastly, when the writer can not able to write the fact under any pressure, he has to stop writing. Here, we have to mention the Egyptian newspaper, Al-Ahli, issued on Wednesdays at that time, when the party that issuing it, stopped issuing it at the end of 1977, because they could not transfer the true word to its readers. Their last words were: We can not able to translate the facts into affective and true words. So, all what we can say is, See you but not for ever.

Written by: Salem Mraheel Quraisha.

730 words

Lebanese are the Losers

Lebanon with its green pine mountains and a coast of 120 miles on the Mediterranean, was the most preferable place for the tourists to go and a famous centre of trade for all kinds of goods and it was a meeting place for businessmen and traders. But during the 1970s and 1980s, it was a meeting place for war trading.

It is a dear part of the Arab world. It affects and is affected by the changes in it. It embraced about half a million Palestinian refugees.

Lebanon with its 10452 square km area was the capital of the Arab culture through the past years; mainly in 1970s. most of the school text-books were printed in Lebanon. Moreover, other books were issued in it. Free press, translated films and various programmes are issued in it.

The early Arabs adopted the Aramaic alphabet which was used in today’s Lebanon about 3,700 years ago, to Arabic. Arab scribes put dots over some of the letters which were alike and invented and produced the alphabet of 28 letters which the Arab use today.

Lebanon, the country which had a strong economic, now it has collapsed one. It was the state of safety. But since 1975, when the first spark of this civil war started in April with the famous bus event, it became a land of fear and conflict which left more than 150,000 people killed and one million, a quarter of the population, displaced and left a considerable amount of damage and ruins.

For the sake of the vagabonds, orphans and disfigured people, the Lebanese have to make sacrifices for those people and for the sake of Lebanon. The national interest must take over and the Lebanese have to criticize themselves in stead of criticizing others or even each other. They have to look at their mirror to see themselves more clearly and they have to work to serve the national interest rather than the interest of an individual.

In this conflict every country has its own aims and interests and in any case the Lebanese are the losers. Some countries work for the partition of Lebanon which is yearning for peace, unity, stability and security. Others wanted to complicate the political situation in the Mid-east and to block and hinder the peace process. As for Israel, it is fuelling the war in Lebanon to mislead the world’s opinion about what is happening in the occupied territories and to make it as a mask for its crimes. It also worked to link it to the Arab-Israeli conflict.

The Arab League and through the Supreme Arab Tripartite Committee ( SATC ) worked very hard to let the Lebanese deputies gather in Taif in Saudi Arabia and discuss their problem which resulted to sign the National Charter for Reconciliation. The SATC promised to continue its efforts to let Lebanon achieve its goals through the Taif Accord.

A lot of Lebanese sacrificed their souls for the sake of Lebanon. Rene Mouawad, 64 years old, and the ninth president of Lebanon was killed in a bomb explosion, only 17 days after he was elected. He was the second president who paid his life as a price for peace in Lebanon during the bitter civil war.

In 1982, Bashar Gemayel was killed in a bomb explosion, only a few days after his election.

Mouawad was elected as a president of the republic by the Lebanese deputies who are the representative of the people until further notice and those members of the parliament supported the Arab League peace plan. mf.

. Mouawad who was the minister of education in 1980, organized examinations for Christian and Muslim students whose studies had been interrupted by the war and in 1981, he established a ” Zone of Legitimacy ” where all students could sit their examinations. So, the universities of Lebanon remained a beacon of knowledge and culture in the Lebanon’s sea destruction.

But the peace process in Lebanon can go forward despite the killing and the Lebanese have to work for their unity by abandoning differences at this critical stage to end a long period of misunderstanding, civil war and bloodshed.

Despite the deep divisions that have fragmented the country, the Cedar trees remained the symbol of Lebanon and the symbol of the strong will of the Lebanese and of their aspirations to bring stability and reconciliation between the various parties in their country after several years of the bitter civil war that fuelling not only Christians and Muslims but also Christians and Christians, and Muslims and Muslims .

The Lebanese have to give priority to the restoration of unity, independence and sovereignty of Lebanon on its entire territory to resume its role as a leading centre of civilization and culture for Arab nations and for the world.

So, they have to look forward to seeking for far agreement, not provisional one, and through negotiations and understanding. The best framework to achieve their aims is the Taif Accord which was accepted not only by all the Lebanese deputies, but also by the Arab League and the world.

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830 words

written by Salem Mraheel. Quraisha

The Sites of the Antique and Historical Buildings

1. There are several antique and historical sites in Tabuk zone. Four of them are considered of the best ten antique sites in the Kingdom. These sites are : Taiyma, Quraiyah, Al-Bade’a, and Aiynounah. Moreover, the historical sites are related to the Prophet’s biography ( peace be upon him ), to the Saudi history and to the literature heritage
2. There are many sites worth seeing and deserve a display on the tourism map, such as the old Arabian trading routes, the Egyptian pilgrimage’s route and Shami pilgrimage’s route.
   All the antique sites suffer from collapse